Pre-Contact America - Urban Landscapes

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Miniature Village Scene

House model
West Mexico. Nayarit. 200 BC–AD 300
Painted buff ceramic
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (1A)

 

 

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House Model with Occupants

House model
West Mexico. Nayarit. 200 BC–AD 300
Painted red ceramic
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (1B)

 

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House Model with Musicians

House model
West Mexico. Nayarit. 200 BC–AD 300
Ceramic with traces of pre-fired paint
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (1C)

 

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Mexican Antiquities

José Luciano Castañeda.
Monumentos antiguos existentes en la República Mexicana [Existing antique monuments in the Republic of Mexico]. [1824].
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (2)

 

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Seeing Maya Splendor

Frederick Catherwood (1799–1854).
Study for Mayan Monument, ca. 1842.
Pencil and brown wash drawing on paper.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (3)

 

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Heroic Archaeologist

Claude-Joseph-Désiré Charnay (1828–1915).
Ruines du Mexique et types mexicains [Ruins of Mexico and types of Mexicans], 1862–1863.
Albumen prints.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (4a–4d)

 

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Fifteenth-Century Venice

“Venecie” from Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg.
Théâtre du cites du monde. [Brussels?: 1576?–1620?].
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress (7C.2)

 

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Córdoba, Spain, ca. 1617

“Corduba,” from Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg.
Théâtre du cites du monde. [Brussels?: 1576?–1620?].
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress (7E.1)

 

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Rome, ca. 1578

“Roma,” from Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg.
Théâtre du cites du monde.
[Brussels?: 1576?–1620?].
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress (7E.2)

 

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Views of Tenochtitlán and Cusco

Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg. “Mexico, regia et celebris Hispaniae novae civitas (Mexico, regal and reknowned state of New Spain)” and “Cusco, regni Peru in novo orbe caput (Cusco, capitol of the kingdom of Peru in the New World)” in Civitates Orbis Terrarum. (Commonwealths of the world)
Cologne: T. Graminaeus, 1572.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (5)

 

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Nanjing, China, in 1400

Jin ling tu yong (The city of Nanjing in 1400).
Nanjing: Zhu Zhifan, 1624.
Rare Book Collection, Asian Division, Library of Congress (7A)

 

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Sixteenth-Century Istanbul

“Byzantium, nunc Constantinopolis” (Byzantium, now Constantinople) from Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg.
Théâtre du cites du monde. [Brussels?: 1576?–1620?].
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress (7E.2)

 

 

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Fabled City of Timbuktu

Réné Caillié. “View of the City of Timbuctoo” from Travels through Central Africa to Timbuctoo and across the Great Desert to Morocco, performed in the years 1824–1828. vol 2.
London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, 1830.
General Collections, Library of Congress (7F)

 

 

Pre-Contact America - Ritual, Ceremonies, and Celebrations

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Effigy Incense Burners

Pair of bi-conical effigy incense burners.
Central Mexican Highlands.
Mixtec, AD 1200–1500.
Polychromed buff ceramic.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (10)

 

 

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Ballplayer Relief Panel

Ballplayer relief panel.
Guatemalan Lowlands. La Carona (Site “Q”). Maya, AD 550–950.
Limestone.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (11)

 

 

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Miniature Flasks with Baseball Themes

Guatemalan Lowlands. AD 600–900.
Mold-made, cream-slipped, ceramic with red cinnabar.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (12a–12d)

 

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Ballgame Ceremonial Stone Hip Belt

Puerto Rico. Taíno, AD 700–1500.
Hard gray stone.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (14)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

 

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Calling People to Gather

Stucco painted conch shell.
Maya, AD 700–900.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (15)

 

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Monumental Jaguar Sculpture

Mexico. Southern Veracruz. Maya, AD 600–900.
Painted buff ceramic.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (19)

 

 

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Cache Vessel

Two-part cache vessel with applied god heads.
Guatemalan Lowlands. Maya, AD 200–600.
Painted ceramic.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (18)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

 

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"Eccentric" Flints

Guatemalan Lowlands. Maya, AD 600–900.
Chipped gray flint.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (17)

 

 

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Study of Maya Ruins

Alfred Percival Maudslay (1850-1931)
Biologia Centrali-Americana or Contributions to the Knowledge of the Fauna and Flora of Mexico and Central America.
Annie Hunter, illustrator.
London: R.H. Porter and Dulau, 1889–1902.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (17.1)

 

 

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Maya Story of the Creation

Diego Rivera (1886–1957).
“The Creation.” Illustration for the Popul Vuh, ca. 1931.
Watercolor and gouache on paper.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (20)

©Banco de México Diego Rivera & Frida Kahlo Museums Trust

 

Pre-Contact America - Language and Context

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Vase with Eleven Figures

Large vase with pseudoglyphs and eleven characters.
Guatemalan Highlands, Nebaj region.
Maya, AD 600–900.
Polychromed orange-gloss ceramic.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (8)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

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Vase with Six Figures and Glyphs

White background vase with six figures and glyphs.
Guatemalan Lowlands. Maya, AD 600–900.
Polychromed ceramic.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (9)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

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Vase Depicting Seated Ruler and Dwarf

Vase depicting seated ruler, the god Itzam, and a dwarf.
Guatemalan Lowlands. Maya, AD 600–900.
Red-rimmed, black-on-cream ceramic.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (23)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

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Shell Cup with Incised Hieroglylphs

Maya, AD 200–400. Shell.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (28)

 

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Vase with Deer Hunting Procession

Guatemalan Highlands. Chama style.
Maya, AD 600–900.
Polychromed orange-gloss ceramic.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (16)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

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Vessel with Maya Scribes

Guatemalan Lowlands. Maya, AD 600–900.
Red-rimmed, black-on-cream ceramic.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (22)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

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Plate Depicting Maya Worldview

Large polychrome tripod plate.
Guatemalan Lowlands. Maya, AD 600–900.
Painted orange-gloss ceramic.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (27)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

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Miniature Flasks

Painted miniature flasks.
Guatemalan Lowlands. Maya, AD 600–900.
Red and brown-black-on-cream ceramics.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (29)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

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Incised Creamware Vessel

Guatemalan Lowlands. Maya, AD 550–900.
Ceramic with a cream-colored slip and cinnabar highlighting in the glyphs.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (24)

 

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Vase with Sixty Hieroglyphs

Guatemalan Lowlands. Maya, AD 600–900.
Red and black-on-cream ceramic.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (33)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

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Bowl with Carved Underworld Scene and Five Hieroglyphs

Yucatán. Chocholá style. Maya, AD 600–900.
Grey ceramic.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (33.1)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

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Vase with Stylized Flowers and Primary Standard Sequence Glyph Band

Fleur-de-lis vase with primary standard sequence glyph band.
Guatemalan Lowlands. Maya, AD 600–900.
Black and orange on white ceramic.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (33.2)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

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Large Shell Pectoral

Large shell pectoral with narrative scene.
Mexico. Maya-Toltec style, AD 900–1200.
Incised conch shell.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (33.9)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

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Earspool with Four Incised Glyphs

Guatemalan Lowlands. Maya, AD 200–400.
Light green jade and red cinnabar.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (33.4)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

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Pair of Carved Long Bones

Mexico, Northern Veracruz (Huastec region).
Aztec, AD 1200–1500. Carved and polished bone.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (33.5)

 

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Vase with Lords in the Mouths of Serpents

Guatemalan Lowlands. Maya, AD 600–900.
Polychrome ceramic.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (33.7) 
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

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Vessel with War and Sacrifice Themes

Tall black-background vase with Teotihuacán-Maya war and sacrifice themes.
Guatemalan Lowlands. Maya, AD 600–900.
Polychrome ceramic.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (40.1)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

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Vase with Palace Scene

Tall vase with regal dressing scene in palace.
Guatemalan Lowlands. Maya, AD 600–900.
Polychrome ceramic.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (40)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

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A Pre-Contact Codex

Codex Vindobonensis Mexicanus I.
Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1992.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (25)

 

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First Romance Language Grammar

Antonio de Nebrija. (1441–1522).
Gramática de la lengua castellana [Grammar of the Castilian language].
Salamanca: 1492.
Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (26)

 

Pre-Contact America - Recording History

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Stone Artifact with Incised Hieroglyphs

Stone torus with incised hieroglyphs.
Guatemalan Lowlands. Maya, AD 489.
Limestone.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (34)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

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Carved Mirror-Back With Hieroglyphs

Guatemalan Lowlands. Early Classic Maya, AD 200–600.
Greenish slate with red cinnabar.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (34.1)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

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Tortuguero Box

The wooden offering container of Aj K’ax B’ahlam of Tortuguero.
Mexico. Tabasco. Maya, AD 681.
Wood (sapodilla) and red hematite.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (38)

 

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Survey of New Spain

Antonio de Mendoza (1492–1552).
Relacion de las ceremonias… de los Indios de la provencia de Mechoacán [Account of the ceremonies… of the Indians of the province of Michoacan].
Manuscript, eighteenth century.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (35)

 

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Eighteenth-Century Drawings of Palenque

Ricardo Almendáriz (fl. ca. 1787).
Coleccion de estampas copiadas de las figuras originales . . . del Pueblo Palenque [Collection of drawings copied from the original figures . . . of the village of Palenque].  [1787].
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (36)

 

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First Report on the Maya Ruins of Palenque

Antonio del Río (fl. 1786–1789).
Description of the Ruins of an Ancient City, Discovered near Palenque . . .
London: Henry Berthoud, and Suttaby, Evance and Fox, 1822.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (37)

 

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Family History of a Spanish Merchant

Genealogy and Family History of Merchant Alférez Ignacio López de Herrera and wife . . .
(1703–1739).
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (39)

 

Pre-Contact America - The Heavens and Time

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Miniature Altar

Miniature “altar” with three spherical supports and painted glyphs.
Guatemalan Lowlands. Maya, AD 200–600.
Incised and red-painted marble.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (41)

 

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Finding the Past

Antonio de León y Gama.
Descripción histórica y cronológica de las dos piedras en la plaza principal de México.
Mexico: F. de Zúñiga y Ontiveros, 1792
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (42)

 

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Maya Dresden Codex

Codex Dresdensis: Sächsische Landesbibliothek Dresden (Mscr. Dresd. R 310)/Kommentar, Helmut Deckert, zur Geschichte der Dresdner Maya-Handschrift; Ferdinand Anders, die Dresdner Maya-Handschrift kodikologische Beschreibung.
Graz, Austria: Akadem. Druck-u Verlagsanstalt, 1975.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (43)

 

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Coiled Stone Rattlesnake With Day Sign

Central Mexican Highlands. Aztec, AD 1400-1521.
Gray volcanic basalt.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (44)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

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Positions of the Sun, Moon, and Planets

Petrus Apianus (1492–1552) and Gemma Frisius (1508–1555).
Cosmographia, Petri Apiani… additis euisdem argumenti libellis ipsius Gemmaa Frisii…Antwerp: Arnoldi Birckmanni, 1564.
Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (45)

 

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Transition to the Gregorian Calendar

Johannes Mueller (1436–1476).
[“Regiomontanus”]  Calendarium [Calendar]. Nuremberg: 1474.
Rosenwald Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (46)

 

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Calendar Wheel

Mariano Fernández Echeverría y Veytia (1718–1780).
Aztec Calendar Wheel, no. 7 from Historia del origen de las gentes que poblaron la América septentrional [History of the beginnings of the people who settled North America].
Early nineteenth-century facsimile manuscript.
Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (47)

 

Explorations and Encounters - Columbus and the Taíno

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Columbus’s Account of 1492 Voyage

Christopher Columbus (1451–1506).
Epistola Christofori Colom [Letters of Christopher Columbus].
Rome: Stephan Plannck, after April 29, 1493.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (48)

 

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Columbus’s Voyage and the New World

Christopher Columbus (1451–1506).
De Insulis nuper in Mari Indico repertis in Carolus Verardus: Historia Baetica.
Basel: I.B. [Johann Bergman de Olpe], 1494.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (48.1)

 

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Columbus’s Book of Privileges

Benjamin Stevens, comp. and ed.
Christopher Columbus, His Own Book of Privileges, 1502.
London: Chiswick Press, 1893.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (50)

 

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Columbus Biography Written by His Son

Fernando Colón (1488–1539).
Historie del sig. don Fernando Colombo, nelle quali s’hà particolare, & vera relatione della vita, & de’ fatti dell’ammiraglio don Christoforo Colombo suo padre [History by Don Fernando Columbus . . . Don Christopher Columbus, his father].
Milan: Girolamo Bordoni, [1614].
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (51)

 

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Columbus’s Legacy

Christoper Columbus.
Por parte del conde de Gelues, de doña Francisca Colón, de don Christoual Colón, y de don Baltasar Colón, se suplica a V.m. que cerca de la executoria que la parte de la marquesa de Guadaleste pide, de la que llama sente[n]cia, dada en su fauor por el consejo Real de las Indias.
[Spain: s.n., ca. 1586].
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (52)

 

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Ceremonial Wooden Stool

Duho.
Haiti. Taíno, AD 1000–1500.
Carved lignum vitae.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (54)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

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Taíno Amulet

Shell amulet. Haiti or Dominican Republic.
Taíno, AD 700–1500.
Carved shell.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (55a–55d)

 

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Spatula Used for Purging

Effigy bone purging spatula.
Greater Antilles. Taíno, AD 700–1500.
Carved manatee rib.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (56)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

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Heart-Shaped Vessel

Dominican Republic. Taíno, AD 1000–1500.
Ceramic.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (57)

 

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Early Description of the New World

Antonio Nebrija.
Introductorium in Cosmographiae libros [Introduction to cosmography].
Salamanca: Printer of Nebrija, ca. 1498.
Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (53)

 

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Girolamo Benzoni

Girolamo Benzoni (b. 1519). La historia del mondo nuovo di M. Girolamo Benzoni Milanese [The history of the New World of Mr. Girolamo Benzoni of Milan].
[Venice: F. Rampazetto, 1565.]
Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (68)

 

Explorations and Encounters - Cortés and the Aztecs

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Warrior with Feline Helmet

Hollow warrior with feline helmet.
Central Mexican Highlands. Mixtec, AD 1200–1500.
Polychromed ceramic.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (59)

 

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Mexican God Xipe-Totec

Xipe–Totec priest wearing flayed human skin.
Central Mexican Highlands. Aztec, AD 1400–1521.
Painted volcanic basalt.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division (65)
Photo ©Justin Kerr, Kerr Associates

 

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Choker with Nineteen Death Heads

Mexico. Mixtec, AD 1200–1500.
Carved shell.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division (66)

 

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Chronicling the New World

Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés (1478–1557).
La historia general de las Indias [The general history of the Indies].
Seville: Cromberger, 1535.
Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (67)

 

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Map of Tenochtitlán

Hernán Cortés. Praeclara Ferdina[n]di Cortesii de noua maris oceani. . . . [Enlightenment of Ferdinand Cortés concerning new facts about the new sea and the ocean. . . .].
Nuremberg: Peypus, 1524.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (60)

 

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Descendents of Moctezuma

Hernán Cortés.
Dowry agreement for Montezuma’s daughter, June 27, 1526.
Copied from a Spanish manuscript, [Valladolid], ca. 1750.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (61)

 

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Early History of the Spanish Conquests

Francisco López de Gómara (1511–1564).
The pleasant historie of the conquest of the West India, now called New Spayne: atchieued by the worthy prince Hernando Cortes, marques of the valley of Huaxacac, most delectable to reade/translated out of the Spanishe tongue by T.N., anno 1578.
London: Henry Bynneman, [1578].
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (62)

 

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A Different View of Conquest

Bernal Díaz del Castillo (1496–1584).
Historia verdadera de la conqvista de la Nueva-España [True history of the conquest of New Spain].
Madrid: Imprenta del Reyno, 1632.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (63)

 

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History of Tlaxcala

Diego Muñoz Camargo (ca. 1529–1599).
Fragmentos de la Historia de Tlaxcala.
1852 manuscript copy of original ca. 1560–1592.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (64)

 

Explorations and Encounters - Pizarro and the Incas

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Chimú Vessel Flute

Avian whistle vessel. Peru, Chimú, AD 1100–1470.
Dayton C. Miller Flute Collection, Music Division, Library of Congress (77)

 

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The First European Chronicle of Peru

Pedro de Cieza de León (1518?–1560).
Parte Primera de la Chronica del Peru.
[Seville: Martín de Montesdoca], 1553.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (70)

 

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Pizarro’s Rejection of a Conquistador's Petition

Francisco Pizzaro.
Response to a petition by conquistador Pedro del Barco.
Cusco: April 14, 1539.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (71)

 

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Chart of the Pacific Coast

Chart of Pacific Coast of Central and South America.
[Spanish?, mid-sixteenth century].
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress (72)

 

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First Quechua-Spanish Dictionary and Grammar

Vocabulario en la lengua general del Peru llamada quichua, y en la lengua Española. El mas copioso y elegante que hasta agora se ha impresso [Vocabulary in the general language of Peru called Quechua, and in the Spanish language. . . .].
Lima: 1586.
Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (73)

 

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Letter to Pizarro

Doña Inés Muñoz.
Power of attorney to Hernando Pizarro, Sebastián Rodríguez, and Juan de Cáceres to petition for restoration of Indians.
Lima, May 5, 1543.
Harkness Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (74)

 

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Peruvian Ruins

William E. Warne.
Ruins of Sacsahuamán (Cusco, Peru), 1950.
Copyprint.
Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (75)

 

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Deeds of the Castilians in the New World

Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas (d. 1625).
Historia general de los hechos de los castellaños en las Islas. . . . [General history of the deeds of the Castilians in the islands. . . .].
Madrid: Emplenta Real, 1601–1615.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book
and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (76)

 

Explorations and Encounters - Interpreting the Conquest

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The Fate of the Indians of the New World

Bartolomé de las Casas (1474–1566).
AMS to Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Valladolid, Spain, ca. 1528.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (80)

 

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Tovar’s History of Mexico

Juan de Tovar.
Historia de la benida de los yndios apoblar a México de las partes remotas de Occidente. . . . [History of the arrival of the indians that populated remote partes of western Mexico. . . .].
Handwritten manuscript transcribed by Elizabeth, Lady Phillips, of Middle Hall, England, ca. 1862.
Ink and watercolor on paper.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress  (98.1–98.4)

 

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Rights for Indians

Bartolomé de las Casas (1474–1566).
Brevíssima Relación de la destrucción de las Indias [Very brief account of the destruction of the Indians].
Seville: Sebastian Trugillo, 1552.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (79)

 

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New Laws to Protect Indians

The New Laws of the Indies for the Good Treatment and Preservation of the Indians/Promulgated by the Emperor Charles the Fifth, 1542–1543.
London: Chiswick Press, 1893.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (82)

 

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Tales that Inspired Conquistadors

Le vingt et deuxieme livre d’Amadis de Gaule [The twenty-second book of Amadis of Gaul].
Paris: Olivier de Varrenes, 1715.
Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (78)

 

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The "Black Legend"

Bartolomé de las Casas.
The Spanish colonie, or, Briefe chronicle of the acts and [notable exploits] of the Spaniardes in the West Indies, called the Newe World. . . .
London: Thomas Dawson for William Broome, 1583.
Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (81)

 

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Inspiration for the Conquest of Mexico Paintings

Antonio de Solís (1610–1686).
The History of t