During the Cold War, polarization of the Hollywood community reached a peak. In October 1947, Gary Cooper (1901–1961), a member of the right-wing Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals, was welcomed to a House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) hearing as a “friendly” witness. In May 1953, blacklisted actor Lionel Stander (1908–1994), testified about a “fanatic group of subversives [who] have blacklisted artists and are attempting to impose censorship,” but was silenced. Stander remained blacklisted until 1965.